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Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nestled into the
northeast corner of North America, facing the North Atlantic is
Newfoundland. Lying between the 46th and 61st parallels, the
province consists of two distinct geographical entities:
Newfoundland and Labrador.
The province's
coastline, stretching over more than 17 000 km, is varied and scenic
with its bold headlands, deep fiords and countless small coves and
offshore islands. The interiors of both Labrador and Newfoundland
have a rolling, rugged topography, deeply etched by glacial activity
and broken by lakes and swift-flowing rivers.
Newfoundland's
climate can best be described as moderate and maritime. The island
enjoys winters that are surprisingly mild by Canadian standards,
though with a high rate of precipitation. Labrador, by comparison,
has the cold winters and brief summers characteristic of the
Canadian mid-North.
The People
The province's present population of
approximately 509,000 is
largely descended from settlers from southwestern England and
southern Ireland who immigrated to Newfoundland in the late 1700s
and early 1800s. There is also a small but vibrant francophone
population, perhaps reflecting France's early presence in the area.
The pattern of settlement was mainly determined by the fishing
industry, a population distribution that has persisted to this day.
St. John's, the historic commercial centre and capital of the
island, is the province's largest city, with a population of
approximately 172,518.
The Economy
Since its first
settlement, Newfoundland and Labrador has been highly dependent on
its resource sector. The province was initially settled because of
its rich fishing grounds on the Grand Banks.
Recently, the
discovery of offshore oil and gas reserves has added a new dimension
to the marine resources of the province. The Hibernia discovery in
1979 was Newfoundland's first significant oil find; reserves are
estimated at 884 million barrels, making it the fifth largest oil
field in Canada. Production began in November 1997 and cumulative
oil production to December 1999 totaled about 57 million barrels.
Newfoundland's
service sector has experienced substantial growth over the years.
Recently Newfoundland's
efforts to develop a solid tourism industry have intensified. The
province's rich cultural and historical heritage, rugged geography
and unique character are considered to be major selling features to
other Canadians and travelers from around the world. It is estimated
that 393 000 people visit the province each year, spending an
estimated $260 million annually.
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